The native land of pistachio (Pistacia), nut shrubby and wood plants of family Anacardiaceae – are the countries of Mediterranean Sea. The people living there have noticed and started to favour these tasty fruits for a long time. It is known, that in Ancient Babylon and Assyria since 4th centuries up to AD they were not only used in food, but also planted everywhere. This frost- and drought- steady plant is capable to maintain both very low (up to -25 oС), and high (more than +30 oС) temperatures. When from intolerable heat and dryness fall even saxaul, pistachio due to long, going almost 15m into the ground roots, which saves moisture for a long time, feels quite comfortably. Such unique feature has served as the main reason for its amelioration and constant increase of growing areal.

Pistachio trees live about 400 years, and in mountain districts there are also such, which stepped over a 7-century boundary. The young unripe fruit of pistachio is similar to a plum - wilding. In maturing stage it dries up, exposing to cracked seeds. It is decided to gather pistachios in the night, because during the day the prominent harmful to the man aromatic substances of pitch and volatile oil, which at the large concentration are capable to cause serious poisonings. These nut seeds are eaten both fresh and fried. They are especially good as addition to beer and to wine. Pistachios are used also in production of oil, in confectionery, for manufacturers of sausages, perfumery and pharmaceutical products. As an auxiliary substance pistachios are very useful in chronic weariness, hypertension, illnesses of liver and heart, and also during the large physical loadings.

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